Yeah, I'm late on the bus on this one.
According to one study performed at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, by scientists JH Lim, GE Davis, Z Wang, V Li, Y Wu, TC Rue and DR Storm, and released for publication October 30, 2009:
"Intranasal medications are used to treat various nasal disorders. However, their effects on olfaction remain unknown. Zicam (zinc gluconate; Matrixx Initiatives, Inc), a homeopathic substance marketed to alleviate cold symptoms, has been implicated in olfactory dysfunction. Here, we investigated Zicam and several common intranasal agents for their effects on olfactory function. Zicam was the only substance that showed significant cytotoxicity in both mouse and human nasal tissue. Specifically, Zicam-treated mice had disrupted sensitivity of olfactory sensory neurons to odorant stimulation and were unable to detect novel odorants in behavioral testing. These findings were long-term as no recovery of function was observed after two months. Finally, human nasal explants treated with Zicam displayed significantly elevated extracellular lactate dehydrogenase levels compared to saline-treated controls, suggesting severe necrosis that was confirmed on histology. Our results demonstrate that Zicam use could irreversibly damage mouse and human nasal tissue and may lead to significant smell dysfunction."
Read that carefully ~ NECROSIS and SIGNIFICANT SMELL DYSFUNCTION, people!
Earlier research conducted at the Departmtent of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine in Denver, Colorado, published research conducted by scientists BD Jafek, MR Linschoten and BW Murrow (back in 2004) showed the following conclusion regarding the use of zing gluconate intranasally:
"RESULTS: Although interindividual variation in drug response and drug effect is apparent, the severe hyposmia or anosmia appears to be long lasting or permanent in some cases. The mechanism of olfactory loss is thought to be the direct action of the divalent zinc ion on the olfactory receptor cell. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc ions are toxic to olfactory epithelium. Reports of severe hyposmia with parosmia or anosmia have occurred after intranasal use of zinc gluconate."
Hyposmia is an
impairment of the sense of smell, while parosmia is the ability to perceive odors
which are not there.
The most common causes of anosmia (loss of the sense of smell) are aging, head trauma, sinusitis and a cold. Sometimes the anosmia persists and becomes permanent, more notably in cases of head trauma or sinusitus.
Zicam, the company that sold nasal swabs and gels containing the dreaded zinc gluconate, voluntarily pulled these items off the shelves, however, they still sell a cold sore gel containing zinc gluconate which is not intended for intranasal use. Zinc gluconate is still being sold in powder form, in pills and tablets as a cold remedy that is ingested orally. Wouldn't be a good idea to try and stick one of those up your nose to speed the demise of a cold.
If you have any of these topical, up-yer-nose gels or swabs, get rid of them. They've been off the market for quite a while, but I recently found an open box of the swabs in my bathroom, way back in a cabinet, that someone here almost used.
Losing your sense of smell is a devastating experience, even if it is temporary. If you can't smell food, you can't taste it either. You'll taste whether it's salty or bitter, sweet or sour, but you won't catch any of the nuance that makes food palatable. The rich, tart creaminess of a fresh, warm scone smothered in homemade lemon curd will taste like hot cardboard with a whisper of sweetness. The sense of smell is so intricately interwoven into our daily lives, we often barely notice it on a conscious level, even though our olfactory organ is sending signals to our brain in rapid fire succession which we perceive on a subconscious level. How many times have you become ravenously hungry after catching the barest whiff of some delectable food?
Intranasally ~ is that even a word? Yes, yes it is ~ it means "occurring within or administered through the nose".
Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/; http://www.zicam.com/products/faqs/fda; http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/parosmia; http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hyposmia